I just read the entire trilogy, so I can give you a synopsis. The two sequels are The Fall of Colossus and Colossus and the Crab.
In The Fall of Colossus, a new, Super Colossus has been constructed by Colossus/Guardian. "Father" Forbin is the chief administrator and becomes, thanks to a cult that has grown around "The Master", a Pope-like figure.
Colossus and the Crab picks up exactly where The Fall of Colossus ends.
Spoiler:
Two Martians arrive and inform Forbin that they are not interested in conquest, but need something Earth possesses. The Martians want half of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere, and begin issuing plans for a gigantic collector to be built. The oxygen is needed to repair damage to Mars caused by radiation from the Crab Nebula, which did not affect Earth due to the the higher oxygen levels in the atmosphere (or something). Only Forbin and Blake know of the death of Colossus and of the existence of the Martians (they restore the day-to-day functionality of Colossus, but not the higher processes), so the collector is built as if it were one of the computer's experiments. The massive collector causes incredible damage during tests, as Forbin and Blake struggle to devise a plan to defeat the Martians. The original Colossus is restarted by Blake, while Forbin attempts to destroy the collector using a fleet of outmoded warships used now for automated recreational war games. Colossus arranges a compromise with the Martians, but before it can be negotiated, Forbin destroys the collector, persishing in the attempt. At the end of the book, Colossus and the Martians agree to work together to counter the possible threat of heavy radiation from the Crab Nebula, while the Martians set up a small, unobtrusive oxygen collector to safely gather what they need.
While not a bad series of books they are certainly dated, not only by the outmoded technology but by somewhat backwards social views, especially towards women, who are mostly secretaries and other subservient nobodies.
Forbin comes across a bit of a jerk most of the time, but he's pretty much the same character he was in the first book.
Overall, they're not bad books. They're better followups to the original than the two Matrix sequels were. The Fall of Colossus is the better of the two, but Colossus and the Crab picks up a good bit in the second half.